Probability | Classical, Mathematical, Permutation

Introduction

Probability constitutes the institution of statiscal theory and application. For that reason many people called the statistics a science of probability. The lexicographic meaning of 'probability' is the act of occuring or taking place. Generally, probability is the likelyhood or chance that a particular event will occur or will not occur. But from the scientific viewpoint probability is indicated as a specific result. We use different types of probability in our daily lives. But there is no specific measure of the probabilities we use in our daily lives. Many mathematicians have tried to remove the ambiguity of probability and defined probability clearly.

The persons who have the major contributions in the development of probability are-

(i) Jacob Bernoulli (1654-1705)

(ii) De Moivre (1667 - 1754)

(iii) Thomas Bayes (1702 - 1761)

(iv) Joseph Lagrange (1736-1813)

(v) P. S. Laplace (1749 - 1827)

 At the initial stage, probability theories were successfully applied to the gambling tables. Gradually they have been applied in the solution of social economic, political and business problems.

Probability is a higher mathematical issue. Here we will discuss only the preliminary and basic issues of probability.

Definition of Probability

Probability is the favourable specific rate of occurring or not occurring of any event. numerous statisticians defined probability in different ways, some of those are-   

1." Probability is the ratio of favourable  effects and total equally probable outcomes of an event."-P.S. Laplace   

2." Probability is an expression that indicates a degree of query about the happening of the event."-D.C. Sancheti & Kapoor  

So, we can say probability is specific mathematical measure of occurring or not occurring of an event.